废旧龙门刨床改数控铣床的设计★

废旧龙门刨床改数控铣床的设计★(论文说明书20000字,cad图纸,计算)
摘要
数控龙门铣床是现代加工大型工件的一种新型机床，它能使工件在一次装夹下，进行多工序加工，从而可提高生产率三至四倍，并能使工件获得很高的加工精度和表面质量。因此，其用途很广，是船舶、航天航空、模具、精密仪器等民用工业和军工部门追切需要的关键加工设备。
本课题以把废旧龙门刨床改为数控龙门铣床为研究对象，在对废旧龙门刨床的特点进行分析的基础上，通过采用现代设计手段对该刨床进行改造。从现有数控铣床的发展现状和成熟的理论基础出发，对金属切削机床的受力及振动变形进行分析，掌握机床的受力情况，为新增数控部件的设计和选型提供基础数据。
该改造成的数控龙门铣床利用MACH2软件建立通用数控平台；保留原刨床的床身、龙门架和横梁，通过单X轴驱动、单独提升、电动机与丝杆直联传动、三轴联动等作为机床设计方案，这保证低成本又可以保证加工精度与加工速度的要求。
机械结构设计包括传动方案的确定与选择、主轴箱的设计、滚动丝杠副选择、滚动导轨副的计算与选择、伺服电机的选择、联轴器的选择等。机床拟采用MACH2作为数控系统平台，系统安装在计算机上，通过并口与步进电机驱动器连接，能实现在线加工加工的本机化功能。

关键词   废旧龙门刨床改造   数控龙门铣床  主轴箱  CNC

Abstract
NC gantry milling machine is a kind of modern machine and often used to machine large workpiece. It can machine workpiece by multi-process procedure under workpiece being in each set up, to boost productivity triplication to quadruple, can make workpiece with high machining accuracy and surface quality. So it has many uses in civilian industry and defense industry such as in ship building, spacecraft, mould, precision instrument etc. It is the key equipment which department needs urgently.
The object of study of the subject is in order to  replace an old double-housing planer to CNC gantry milling machine. Basis on analysising  the characteristics of old double-housing planer, carry out the transformation of the planer through using of the modern design means. Starting from the development status of the existing CNC milling machine and the sophisticated theoretical foundation, have the metal-cutting machine tools analysised  the force and the deformation vibration, Master the forces of the Machine, provide basic date for the design and selection of  added
CNC components.
    The CNC gantry milling machine  is used the Mach2 software to develop the common CNC platform; to retain the bed of the original planer, the gantry and the beam, driven by single-X-axis, the rapid increase, motor directly connected to screw, triaxial linkage as the design program. That is, can ensures low-cost, the processing precision and processing speed requirements.
   The mechanical structure design, including decision and choice of the driving program, the design of spindle box, choice of screw rolling, calculation and choice of the rolling guide, the choice of servo  motor, choice of coupling, and so on. The machine tools is used a MACH2 as CNC system platform, the system installed on your computer, through the parallel port connected the stepper motor drive, so as to achieve the local processing of On-line processing functions.
Keywords  Transformation of Used the double-housing planer；CNC Gantry Milling Machine ； Spindle box ；  CNC

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计机床参数
本次毕业设计题目是：将某模具厂的老龙门刨床改造为数控龙门铣床的整体设计。机床的原始参数如下：
序号    项  目                              技术参数   
1     工作台面积                             800x2000 mm   
2     工作台载重量                          3000 kg
3     X轴行程                             2500 mm
4     Y轴行程                             1500 mm

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5     Z轴行程                             800 mm
6     主轴工作转速                             90～2000 rpm
7     主轴孔锥度／直径                       BT50／Φ40～Φ80 mm
8     主轴鼻端至工作台距离                       0～800 mm
9     主轴电机功率                           7.5 kw   
10     X、Y、Z电机联接方式                    直联   

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11     横梁提升电机联接方式              通过带传动和蜗轮蜗杆传动联接   
12      数控系统                            MACH2软件及相关自制的控制电路   
13     定位精度                               0.1 mm
14     重复定位精度                           0.08 mm
15   快速进给速度：2m/min
驱动电机最大转速：2000 r/min
进给速度：1.5 m/min [资料来源：http://Doc163.com]