高压输电线路故障分析
高压输电线路故障分析(开题报告,论文18400字)
摘要
如何快速、精确地实现线路故障点的确定是故障测距的基本任务，是电力系统继电保护领域的一个重要研究课题。输电线路担负着传送电能的重要任务，是电力系统的经济命脉，其故障直接威胁到电力系统的安全运行。故障测距根据不同的故障特征迅速准确地测定故障点的位置，从而减轻工人巡线负担，有利于及时排除故障，使线路快速恢复供电，减少因停电而造成的综合经济损失，同时还能帮助发现绝缘隐患，保证电网的安全稳定运行。
高压输电线路故障定位分为单端电气量测距和双端电气量测距。单端电气量测距只利用线路一侧的电压和电流，原理上无法避免过渡电阻、两侧系统的影响，同时受线路实际参数不平衡、频变等的影响，因此其测距精度在实用中不高，难以满足工程实际的要求。双端电气量测距原理上能够克服过渡电阻、两侧系统等的影响，相比之下，精度大大提高，但是双端电气量测距受不同步采样、线路实际参数不平衡等的影响，因此在实际应用中的相对误差却比较大。
本文简要介绍了MATLAB的特点，建立了基于MATLAB仿真技术的高压输电线路模型，根据该模型，利用SIMULINK数学模块实现了对双端电气量输电线路准确故障定位的数字仿真。结果表明，所建立模型简单、方便，利用MATLAB进行仿真同样具有较高精度，满足工程实际要求。
关键词 MATLAB/SIMULINK；高压输电线路；故障定位；双端测距
Abstract
Quick and accurate localization of faults is the basic task of fault location as well as an important research subject in power system relay protection．Transmission lines are responsible for the delivery of electric energy and their faults influence the safe operation of power system directly．Fault points must be found out soon according to various fault features through fault location ,and then burden of linesman is lightened；faults can be cleared in time to recover power supply of transmission lines quickly，so that the economic losses resulted from power failure is reduced ,which can also help to find out incipient fault of insulation to ensure the safe and stable operation of electric net work．
The algorithtms of fault location can be divided into single-terminal location and two-terminal location according to measurement information .When the single-terminal location algorithm based on the fundamental frequency component is used to locate the fault position ,it is impossible to eliminate the influence of transition resistance and equivalent impedance variation of remote source．With the development of communication and computer network techniques ,two-terminal location has become more attractive which can eliminate the influence of transition resistance and equivalent impedance variation of remote source in theory．
The features of MATLAB are concisely presented. Using MATLAB software a model of high voltage transmission lines is built. Based on this model and using SIMULINK mathematical module the simulation of accurate fault location of power transmission lines by use of two terminals electrical quantities is implemented. Simulation results show that the built model is simple and easy to use, compared with the EMTP simulation, the accuracy of simulation results by use of MATLAB are satisfactory and can meet the requirement of engineering practice
Keywords MATLAB/SIMULINK; High voltage power transmission lines; Fault location;. Two-terminal location
目录
摘要 2
Abstract 4
第一章 绪论 7
1.1高压输电线路故障精确定位的意义 7
1.2高电压输电线路故障定位的研究现状及发展综述 8
1.2.1行波法 8
1.2.2故障分析法 10
1.3对现有测距方法的评价 13
1.4本论文的主要研究工作 13
第二章 故障定位 14
2.1 故障分析 15
2.1.1故障特点 15
2.1.2输电线路的故障类型 16
2.2 故障定位的方法 17
2.2.1故障定位的方法的分类 17
2.2.2 单端测距方法与双端测距方法的对比 17
2.2.3对故障定位的基本要求 20 [来源：http://www.doc163.com]
第三章 双端故障测距方法 21
3.1工频量双端测距算法分析 22
3.1.1分布参数模型 22
3.1.2线路参数计算 22
3.1.3双端测距算法 24
3.2影响算法精度的因素 26
第四章 MATLAB仿真实验与结果分析 27
4.1 MATLAB PSB简介与MATLAB仿真原理 28
4.1.1 MATLAB PSB简介 28
4.1.2 MATLAB仿真原理 28
4.2 MATLAB仿真模型及参数设置 30
4.2.1MATLAB仿真模型 30
4.2.2 MATLAB仿真参数的设置 31
4.3仿真实现 32
4.4 故障定位仿真实验结果分析 34
4.4.1 不同故障情况下仿真结果 34
4.4.2不同故障电阻情况下的仿真结果 39
结论 40
参考文献 41
致 谢 45