基于单片机的水果分选台测控系统设计
基于单片机的水果分选台测控系统设计(任务书,开题报告,外文翻译,论文18000字)
摘 要
鉴于消费者对于水果的品质的要求越来越高,因此在水果进入市场流通之前,往往需要通过一定标准对水果进行分选,从而满足消费者的需求。本文针对现阶段市场存在的水果分选设备大部分是使用计算机作为主机,该种方式往往导致分选设备昂贵且难以广泛在市场推广的状况,研究了用单片机替换计算机作为主机来实现以重量为标准对水果进行分选的水果分选测控系统。本次设计中系统以52单片机为基础,通过传感器对重量进行测量,LCD和上位机对重量进行显示,同时将测量数据存储,方便后期对数据的查阅。通过单片机系统处理后将该重量与设定等级阈值进行对比,将水果分入相对应的重量等级,并驱动执行机构将水果推入对应的分选框中。本次设计的系统工作简单可靠,同时成本相对较低,可以满足大多数情况水果分选设备所需达到的要求。本设计完成的主要研究内容如下:
(1)对水果分选设备的发展现状进行了调查,以此选取合适的标准对于水果分选系统进行设计。
(2)对目前市场所存在的各类型压力传感器进行相关资料的查阅与研究,综合考虑量程、灵敏度、成本等多方面的因素后,最终选择电阻应变式压力传感器,该种压力传感器在电子秤领域有着广泛的应用。 [资料来源:Doc163.com]
(3)对目前在技术领域被广泛应用且在市场广泛被销售的各类A/D转换芯片进行了调查研究,通过查阅其在各个领域应用实例后,选择了HX711芯片作为本系统模数转换模块的核心。
(4)对目前被广泛应用的显示设备进行了调查以及相关资料的查阅,综合考虑本次设计需数字和字符同时显示,最终选择LCD1602作为显示设备。
(5)对各类控制算法进行了一定了解与研究,鉴于本系统为开环系统且最终执行机构输出与传送带转速成比例关系,选择加入比例控制来使得系统拥更高的稳态精度以及更快的响应速度。
(6)通过Labview软件实现了上下位机之间的数据通信,加强人机交互,更便于操作人员对系统的操作。
关键词:水果分选;重量;单片机;测控系统
Abstract
In view of the increasing demand of consumers for the quality of fruits, it is often necessary to sort fruits by certain criteria before they enter the market to meet the needs of consumers. This article is aimed at the problem,that the present stage of fruit sorting equipments in the market are often using computers as the host, and this approach often leads to sorting equipment is too expensive and difficult to widely promote the situation in the market,so then studied using single-chip computer to replace the host computer to achieve the fruit sorting system,which makes the weight of fruit as criteria. In this design, the system is based on 52 single-chip microcomputers, and the weight is measured by the sensor. The LCD and PC display the weight and store the data at the same time, which is convenient for later data reviewing. After being processed by the microprocessor system, the weight is compared with the level ,which has already been set from PC, then the fruit is divided into corresponding weight levels, and the actuator is driven to push the fruit into the corresponding sorting box. The system is designed to be simple and reliable, at the same time the cost is relatively low, and it can meet the requirements for fruit sorting equipment in most situations. The main tasks completed in this design are as follows: [资料来源:https://www.doc163.com]
Investigating the development situation of the fruit sorting equipment nowadays,and design a fruit sorting system by sorting a reliable criteria.
After reviewing and researching the relevant data of various types of pressure sensors ,which are already existing in the market, and then considering various factors such as range, sensitivity, cost, etc., the resistance strain type pressure sensor is finally used to detect the signal . Such pressure sensors are already widely used in electronic scales.
Researching various types of A/D conversion chips that are widely used in the field of technology and are widely sold in the market. After consulting their application examples in various fields, the HX711 chip is selected to be served as the analog-to-digital conversion module of the system.
After researching and reviewing the currently widely used display devices and its data, in consideration of the need for simultaneous display of numbers and characters for this design, LCD1602 was finally selected as the display device. [资料来源:https://www.doc163.com]
Various types of control algorithms are reviewed. Given that this system is an open-loop system and the final actuator output signal is proportional to the speed of the conveyor belt, proportional control is selected ,in order to make sure that the system can have a higher steady-state accuracy and faster response speed.
Using Labview software to achieve the data communication between the upper and lower units, to strengthen the human-computer interaction, and more convenient for the operator to operate the system.
Keywords: fruit sorting; weight; single chip microcomputer; measurement and control system
本文主要是针对由于目前的分选设备由于以PC为主机,操作复杂以及高成本导致难以在国内广泛使用的问题,决定用单片机代替PC机为主机,完成一个基于单片机的水果分选台测控系统的设计。
目前在工业范围内广泛应用的是水果大小分选机,改种分选方式是依赖机械设备对水果进行纯机械式的水果分选,而本次课题要求设计一个测控系统,鉴于测量与控制两部分内容的结合,最终选定了以水果重量作为分选标准来设计了一个水果分选测控系统。 [资料来源:https://www.doc163.com]
在确定了如何设计该系统的大体思路以后,在本篇文章中将详细地阐述系统各部分组成。其中主要围绕系统的硬件设计、软件设计共两部分展开。在系统硬件部分,本文介绍了所使用的传感器型号、A/D转换芯片、单片机最小系统以及LCD1602液晶屏的具体功能,其次也介绍了由推杆等构成的执行机构模块以及它具体完成的功能;在软件部分将介绍用于给单片机编程的Keil C软件以及其所主要完成的功能,同时将介绍用于编写上位机所使用labview软件的界面与程序设计。
本测控系统中的操作界面即上位机将保证操作人员操作方便,下位机硬件部分则做到成本低廉且具有广泛通用性;同时本篇论文将通过图片、公式、文字、流程图等多种方式对系统组成的各个部分进行详细介绍,使读者能够在短时间内对系统工作原理及流程有一定了解。
[资料来源:http://www.doc163.com]
[来源:http://www.doc163.com]
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究的意义 1
1.2国内外水果分选设备发展状况 2
1.3本文主要工作内容 2
第2章 系统组成与方案选择 4
2.1 系统组成 4
2.1.1 下位机系统 4
2.1.2 上位机系统 4
2.2方案选择 5
2.2.1单片机系统 5
2.2.2传感器 5
2.2.3 A/D转换模块 6
2.2.4 显示系统 6
2.2.5 控制模块 7
2.3 本章小结 8
第3章 硬件系统设计 9
3.1 单片机系统 9
3.1.1单片机最小系统 9
3.1.2 USB下载电路部分引脚 10
3.2压力传感器 10
3.3 A/D转换模块 12
3.4显示器件 14
3.5串口通信 14
3.6分选执行机构 15 [来源:http://www.doc163.com]
3.6.1 传送带测速传感器 15
3.6.2 直流电机驱动模块 16
3.7本章小节 17
第4章 上位机软件系统设计 18
4.1 上位机设计 18
4.1.1上位机前面板设计 18
4.1.2上位机后面板设计 19
4.2上位机各节点设计 19
4.2.1 VISA串口配置 19
4.2.2 VISA 写入函数 20
4.2.3 VISA读取函数 20
4.2.4阈值设置 20
4.2.5称重显示以及等级显示 21
4.2.6系统时间显示 21
4.2.7数据存储 22
4.3本章小结 22
第5章 下位机软件系统设计 23
5.1软件选择 23
5.1.1编程软件选择 23
5.1.2烧录软件 23
5.2下位机软件总流程设计 23
5.3各模块程序设计 24
[来源:http://Doc163.com]
5.3.1称重模块 24
5.3.2数值显示以及重量分级模块 25
5.3.3分选模块 26
5.3.4串口通信模块 27
5.3.5控制模块 28
5.4本章小结 29
第6章 实物仿真调试 30
6.1实物仿真过程 30
6.1.1实物仿真目的 30
6.1.2实物搭建 30
6.1.3仿真过程 31
6.1.4仿真结果分析 33
6.2 本章小结 33
第7章 结论 34
参考文献 35
附录 36
附录A 程序代码 36
附录B 电路原理图 44
附录C 元器件清单 45
致谢 46
[来源:http://www.doc163.com]