悬架系统

悬架系统(中文5000字,英文PDF)
3.1简介
车辆悬架是指一个将车身或者车架直接链接到车轮的机械机构体。
由于有三个或以上轮子的整体式车辆是超静定体系，所以有必要使车辆结构具有足够的灵活性，以允许与地面和轮子时刻接触。或者车轮通过一可变形系统（悬架系统），悬架被连接到刚性车身。第二种方案被大多数的车辆使用。而第一种方案广泛应用在过去的马车，现在用在低速的车辆。在许多情况下，悬架的变形和结构的变形是相辅相成的，它在车辆的操纵和舒适性特性中起重要作用。
为了能够正常的额使用，悬架系统必须满足一下要求：
   •能够传递通过地面与车轮的作用力，并且在每个负载条件下符合设计规范。
   •决定在静态和准静态的力的作用下车辆的情况。

3.1    INTRODUCTION
By vehicle suspension we mean a mechanism that links the wheel directly to the body or to a frame attached to the it.
Because a rigid vehicle with more than three wheels is a hyperstatic sys-tem, it is necessary for the vehicle structure to be flexible enough to allow the simultaneous contact of the wheels with the ground. Alternatively the wheels may be connected to a rigid body through a deformable system, the suspension. This second solution is adopted by most vehicles, while the first, widely found in horse carriages in the past, is now used on particularly slow vehicles. [资料来源：www.doc163.com]
In many cases, to suspension deformation must be added structural deforma-tion, which plays an important role in the handling and comfort characteristics of a vehicle.
To accomplish their task, suspensions must:
•Allow a distribution of forces, exchanged by the wheels with the ground, complying with design specifications in every load condition
•Determine the vehicle trim under the action of static and quasi-static forces