灌溉效率用法的困境

灌溉效率用法的困境(中文5400字,英文3100字)
摘要：超过10年以来，科学界一直在从事一个有趣的争论灌溉效率一词'和'水分利用效率'。 Israelsen在1932年首先介绍了'经典概念灌溉效率'，从那时起许多条款已经形成，并提出来描述技术，农艺和经济方面的灌溉效率。传统的或古典灌溉效率的定义是由水consumptively对于从源头改水作物使用的比例。灌溉效率基本上量比率为一灌溉水量平衡的计划。灌溉效率，知识是需要在设计灌溉基础设施（仓储，运送和分销网络，以及农场水使用方法），系统评价和管理。提高效率的知觉利益在外地/项目规模包括运输和分配网络，充分利用内减少了灌溉计划，提高供水服务的可靠性，减低水涝和盐碱化，更好地输水公平，提高地下水的质量和节省退化抽水的能源成本。
   然而，最近，古典灌溉效率是用词不当，长期使用视为误导，所有水假定为'丢失'“是不是失去了一个真正意义上的'作为它的某些部分可夺回'和重用。因此，所谓的'新古典主义的灌溉效率'已经提出并正在水文框架解释成不同的组件，如食用部分和非食用部分，有利于和不利于使用分解。在这种情况下，即使是低灌溉在农场或项目一级的效率，流域一级的效率可能会很高，反之亦然。因此，按照新古典主义的看法有没有'真正的节约水的增加或计划在农场水平灌溉效率'。通过改善基础设施的现代化灌溉效率（特别是渠道衬砌），传统认为是多余的和不必要的，因此传统受到批判。 [资料来源：https://www.doc163.com]

DILEMMA OF IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY USAGE DILEMME DANS L’USAGE DES TERMES SUR L’EFFICIENCE D’IRRIGATION
ABSTRACT：Since over a decade, the scientific community has been engaged in an interesting debate over the term ‘irrigation efficiency’ and ‘water use efficiency’. Israelsen first introduced the classical concept of ‘irrigation efficiency’ in 1932, and since then many terms have been evolved and put forth to describe technical, agronomic and economic aspects of irrigation efficiency. The conventional or classical irrigation efficiency is defined as the ratio of water consumptively used by a crop to the water diverted at the source. Irrigation efficiencies are basically ratios of volumes in the water balance of an irrigation scheme. Knowledge of irrigation efficiency is required in designing irrigation infrastructure (storage, conveyance and distribution network, and on-farm water application methods), system evaluation and management. Perceived benefits of increased efficiency at field/project scale include optimum use of the conveyance and distribution network, reduced water logging and salinity, better water delivery equity within the irrigation scheme, higher reliability of water supply service, arresting degradation of groundwater quality and saving in pumping energy cost. [来源：http://www.doc163.com]