分布式操作系统 Distribute Operating Systems

分布式操作系统 Distribute Operating Systems (中文7400字,英文4300字)
Andrew S. Tanenbaum著
Original edition published by Prentice Hall, Inc.
清华大学出版社  影印版
1 分布式系统介绍
计算机系统正在经历一个发展。从1945年现代计算机时代开始一直到大约1985年，计算机都是既庞大又昂贵的。甚至一台普通的小型机就要花费好几万美元。结果是，很多组织只有非常少的计算机，并且因为缺乏连接它们的方法，这些计算机都是独立地运行的。
到80年代中期，出现了两个高级的技术开始改变这一情况。第一个技术是强大的微处理器，最初都是8位的机器，但是很快16位、32位甚至是64位的CPU开始常见了。这些计算机的运算能力达到了大型机的水平，但是价钱只是大型机的一小部分。

附件：原文内容
Distribute Operating Systems
Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Original edition published by Prentice Hall, Inc.
清华大学出版社  影印版
1 Introduction to Distributed Systems
Computer systems are undergoing a revolution. From 1945, when the modern computer era began, until about 1985, computers were large and expensive. Even minicomputers normally cost tens of thousands of dollars each. As a result, most organizations had only a handful of computers, and for lack of a way to connect them, these operated independently from one another.

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Starting in the mid-1980s, however, two advances in technology began to change that situation. The first was the development of powerful microprocessors. Initially, these were 8-bit machines, but soon 16-, 32-, and even 64-bit CPUs became common. Many of these had the computing power of a decent sized mainframe (i.e., large) computer, but for a fraction of the price.

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